Legalization of Euthanasia - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 651 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2019/02/06 Category Medicine Essay Level High school Topics: Euthanasia Essay Did you like this example? To attest that physician helped suicide and willful extermination ought to be feasible medical management advantages, we personally must establish whether they pertain to medicine’s objectives. Some people claims that they don’t have to. A mutual defense summons the Hippocratic Oath which a physician conducts while in medical school, which the physician will say â€Å"I will not give a lethal drug to anyone if I am asked†. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Legalization of Euthanasia" essay for you Create order Shockingly for this conflict, the Hippocratic Oath, resembling to medication itself, developed over the ages to all the more likely met present day society’s requirements. One survey of 150 medical schools in Canada and the United States reveals that â€Å"only 14 percent of modern oaths prohibit euthanasia† (Tyson). In addition, the pledge in fact has no coupling force; doctors may pursue own faiths in preference. Dr. Eric Kress at first declined to give destructive medications to patients. Be that as it may, he altered his opinion after a man biting the dust of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis tested him with the inquiry, Are you treating yourself or are you treating me? (Karaim). Unquestionably, we ought not drive anybody to enable patients to kick the bucket in the event that they firmly contradict it, yet examples like these demonstrate that the Hippocratic Oath just fills in as a rule. It isnt total in any way. Rather than alluding to abstract precepts, we ought to consider prescriptions present-day applications, which for the most part spin around restoring or if nothing else reducing enduring. While Physician Assisted Suicide and willful extermination cant group as the previous, they unquestionably play out the last to the most extreme, however we should make them accessible just if patients have no conceivable medicines cleared out. Commentators counter this defense by expressing that the individuals who lawfully look for helped suicide dont really act dependent on insufferable torment. Measurably, this isnt really off-base. In Oregon, more than ninety percent of Physician Assisted Suicide patients stressed essentially over losing self-rule and discovering life exercises no longer pleasant. Seventy-eight percent were worried about loss of pride (Karaim). All things considered, these inconveniences stem straightforwardly from real difficulties, also, specialists do have the ability to assess how declining wellbeing influences patients candidly and rationally. This human component has dependably been a piece of drug, reflecting how we talk about existence in more than essentially physical terms. So whenever helped suicide and willful extermination to be sure comply with medicinal services objectives, would they say they are ethically satisfactory? Surrounded regarding putting down horribly wiped out creatures, the appropriate response is quite often yes. Be that as it may, individuals shy away from the recommendation when it applies to people. One clarification for this clear inconsistency lies in an idea called the holiness of life, which views singular human life as†¦ of endless esteem, paying little heed to the physical as well as mental nature of the individual (McManaman). It often connects with religion, attributing hallowedness to life, and furthermore fights that purposefully slaughtering somebody comprises murder paying little respect to the thinking behind the activity. With regards to one side to kick the bucket, I feel that the sacredness of life translation is excessively biased. Utilizing it to boycott alleged passing making (Mostert) infringes on the individuals who trust that lifes quality does make a difference, while legitimizing Physician Assisted Suicide and killing suits various perspectives by leaving both life and demise as alternatives. We ought to likewise solicit what the holiness from life adds up to as a general rule. Think about the high-profile instance of Nancy Cruzan, a young lady who fell into some months in length vegetative state following an auto collision (Jost). Her folks tried to expel her encouraging cylinder since they couldnt bear seeing her stay torpid. In spite of the fact that this troublesome choice included despondency and profound consideration, holiness of life supporters debased the decision as dangerous.

The Biological Theory Of Crime - 2339 Words

‘While theories which locate the causes of crime in biological differences might provide useful explanations for the behaviour of a minority of offenders, they are very limited as general explanations of criminality’. Discuss. The biological theory of crime proposes that an individual behaves criminally and deviates from social norms due to their biological makeup of genes, DNA etc. However, modern researchers’ view that any part of biology played in the explanation of criminality is indicating an illness, or a dysfunction such as a different configuration of genes, which may give rise to antisocial types of behaviour. In the first section of the essay I will consider physical type theories and studies, focussing on the work of Cesare Lombroso (1836-1909), Hooton, William Sheldon and the Gluecks. I will then move on to genetic studies that could explain criminality, including relevant studies, and finally moving on to biochemical factors and more recent biological theories, critiquing throughout. Cesare Lombroso was an Italian psychologist and the founder of the Italian School of Positivist Criminology. The Italian school wanted to replace the ‘classical schools’ idea of ‘free will’ with a scientific theory of the causes of crime. In his book L’uomo delinquente, he proposed that criminals were biological throwbacks to an earlier evolutionary stage. The term atavistic was used to describe such people, when the theory emerged from Lombroso’s patients’ post-mortem examinationShow MoreRelatedThe Biological Theories Of Crime Essay1218 Words   |  5 PagesBiological theories of crime attempt to explain behaviors through examination of individual characteristics. Cesare Lombroso was one of the founding fathers of the biological theory of criminology, stating that criminals are biologically different from non-criminals. The biological perspective explained that crime was a characteristic of human nature. Through Lombroso’s resea rch observing physical characteristics in Italian prisoners and soldiers, he concluded that criminals were physically differentRead MoreThe Biological Theory Of Crime Causation1082 Words   |  5 PagesCrime causation is a complex and daunting field. For centuries, philosophers have pondered the meaning of the concept of cause as it pertains to human behavior. Examining why people commit crime is very important in the ongoing debate of how crime should be handled and prevented. A few of the theories that have emerged and continue to be explored are biological, sociological and psychological theories. While individually and in combination, these theories of crime causation affect human behaviorRead MoreLombroso’s Biological Theory of Crime Essay617 Words   |  3 PagesLombroso’s biological theory of crime: The most vivid example of the biological determinism is the theory of Cesare Lombroso. Lombroso based his theory on the assumption that criminals have certain physiognomic features or abnormalities. Lombroso wanted to be able to detect future criminals in order to isolate them from the society. This gave criminology a strong push to create new methods of dealing with criminals and prevent crimes. Lombroso implied that prisoners had common facial characteristicsRead MoreBiological Determinism, Subculture Crime And Conflict Theories1652 Words   |  7 PagesThe theories that will be looked at in order to provide a sufficient report for the judge on what caused Albert to enter a life of crime which culminated in his conviction for murder are; biological determinism, ecological determinism, subculture crime and conflict theories. Biological determinism One of the best known application of biological determinism in relation to crime is from Cesare Lombroso who â€Å"Viewed criminals as suffering from a depravity caused by an atavistic reversion:† In otherRead MoreThe Biological And Psychological Theories Of Crime And Criminal Behavior1764 Words   |  8 PagesCrime is adaptation to life stress. It is best understood in terms of the manner in which the individual experiences the biological, psychological and socially determined situations of his existence. (Halleck, 1967, p. 63) The modern police department was born out of urban mob violence that tormented the nation’s cities during the nineteenth century. The new police departments were replacements for the night-watch systems and relegated constables and sheriffs to serving court orders and running jailsRead MoreLabeling Modern Biological and Psychoanalytic Theories in Crime: An Analysis594 Words   |  2 Pagesmodern biological, and psychoanalytical theories in c rime There have been many approaches taken in attempting to uncover the factors that contribute and influence criminal behavior. Criminological theories aim at determining the social, psychological, and biological factors that influence criminality. Three theories that attempt to investigate that causation of crime and criminal behavior are labeling theories, modern biological theories, and psychoanalytical theory. Labeling theories are basedRead MoreThe Rational Choice and Biological Trait Theories Essay1748 Words   |  7 Pageshave been committing crimes for centuries, and they are always fooling the police detectives and federal agencies sometimes. If the justice departments would actually look at the persons thought processes and reasoning before a crime is committed, the justice departments will be able to answer the reason for the crime. The different departments could possibly figure out why the criminal did what they did in the first. For instance, they should use a couple of criminology theories to help them with certainRead MoreEssay Biological Explanations of Criminal Behaviour1357 Words   |  6 PagesCrime theories are still in a development stage; it is an evolutionary process that continues to this day. Crime is still a complex and misunderstood phenomenon with no concrete evidence when it comes to human behavior. Throughout time there have been endless amounts of crime theor ies, few of which revolve around biological explanations. We have Cesare Lombroso and the Positive School who thought that criminals were genetically different from the rest of the general population, that they were biologicallyRead MoreThe Case Of Jeffrey Dahmer Essay1377 Words   |  6 PagesChecking the genetics of a person can tell much about the person and who they are. Does where a person lives and the environment they are in constantly influence them to commit crime? Is it the genetic makeup of the person that makes a more probable chance for them to commit a crime? â€Å"Drilling into the skull of a young man he began to funnel a stream of sulfuric acid into the head of his unconscious victim to create a zombie to fulfill all of his fantasies. Dead within a day, he mummified the headRead MoreThe Classical School Of Criminology1216 Words   |  5 Pages Crime has always been a part in society and reacting to crimes and the severity of crimes has been and ever evolving issue on how authorities should punish in order to deter people from breaking the laws of the land. Therefore, certain people have created theories on why individuals commit crimes. The two most famous schools of that are Classical Theory and Biological/Positivist Theory. These theories contain insights to why people commit crimes and the most effective way to deal with these

Managing The Effect Of Aged Care On Family - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss about the Managing The Effect Of Aged Care On Family. Answer: Introduction Person-centered assessment in refers to examining nursing care of the aged persons based on their individual needs and not general theoretical assumptions found in books or any other source of secondary data. I plan to demonstrate this approach by basing my essay on the outcome of the interview I carried out as summarized in appendix 1 of this paper. This approach is important to the aged care because it offers individualized attention that is likely to bear desired results for the aged persons. From the perspective of my interviewee a number of positive key aspects or issues can be deduced from the discussion. The fact the old man receives assistance from his family and care-takers points to individualized attention the interviewee gets. This aspect of taking family members being close to the aged person is important because it can not be replaced with any other form of friendship or assistance. It gives the aged the feeling of being loved and helps with the mental strength and general wellbeing. Another positive aspect that can be pointed out is fact that the old man has his goals sets and he is determined to achieve them. This indicated that it is important to listen to the aged persons and find out what his or her goals are and what can be done to make them achieve these goals. My respondent pointed out that he may assistance so that he may achieve that kind of independence level that he desires like being able to move around his compound a carry out simple task such as picking liters such as tree leafs falling down within his compound. There are some negative key issues that can be pointed out from the discussion. The issue of correct form of nutrition that my interviewee needed in order to achieve his goals as captured in the appendix 1 of this essay. This issue shows that it is important that the aged get food rations that they need based on the advice from the nutritionist. The rations and the kind of diet contained in the served food should vary from person to person depending on the state o health and the desired goals of these individuals. Another negative issue is need for the family members and the care-takers to find a way of understanding what the older person are saying because the aged may not be able to provide detailed information on what they need all the time. Thus in the perspective of my interviewee effective communication is very important to the aged care. According to the document authored by Purdue University effective communication with the elderly person is important because it makes the work of providing the assistance and care to the elderly easier. Without proper communication the family members or paid care-takers are likely to misunderstand the needs of the elderly leading to increased stress level on the pert of the elderly person. The article further postulates that for effective communication to be achieved between the elderly persons and those who take care of them a comfortable environment must be created to enable them speak freely. They should also feel welcomed whether at home or in hospital where they go to seek medical assistance. (Purdue University, 2017) Effective communication has an essential role in maintaining the independence, sense of self, and physical and mental wellbeing of the aged persons. The has to be effective communication In order for the aged to be able to express themselves on their needs and not depend on directions provided by other people who may not be aware of the real issues that concern them. (National Ageing Research Institute, 2012) Effective communication with elder person is a skill that needs practice. It takes a lot of patience and may sometimes need an interpreter who may have prior experience communicating with the same aged person such as a family member. The person taking care of the aged person should give them time to explain themselves because any form impatience may shut them down. (Ausmed, 2017) Family is an integral part of the aged care. Family members have unique relationship with the aged that is likely to help them feel more relaxed and at peace. This ensures that the aged does not feel stressed a factor that is likely to affect the mental and physical wellbeing of the elderly (Heritage Care, 2018). Family plays an integral role in providing the most appropriate aged care approach for the elderly person. The family is best placed to provide relevant information to the care givers or medical practitioners about their loved one so that the best medication or care can be recommended and provided (Gurung and Ghimire, 2014) In an aged care home set up it is important that family members are provided with roles to play in taking care of the aged. The roles such as involving family members in providing the physical care to the elderly helps in ensuring that the aged does not feel neglected by the family member. (Comfort Keepers, 2010) Discussion Based on the discussion held with my interviewee and the literature on the topic reviewed to best way to implement aged care program is by providing an effective channel of communication between the elderly person the family and/or the paid care-givers. All forms of communication must be included the sign language given the hearing problems that my respondent alluded to. An automatic wheelchair fitted with a motor can also be provided to the elderly person to aid him in movement especially around his compound while carrying out some cleanliness such collecting litter in the compound. This type of wheelchair will give the older more of the independence that he desires. It will also help in making the elderly man more active such his joins wont pain him much as a result of sitting in one place for long time without doing any physical exercise. Apart form the family members and the paid care takers a nutritionist should be contracted to look at the issue of diet that will work for the e lderly man with the view of having his body more energetic such he can be able to walk around by himself with less assistance from a second party. With these support structures with the multidisciplinary team the elderly person is likely to experience healthy aging. It is therefore highly recommended that evidence based care should be provided to the aging persons because the kind of approach that will be taken for a given person is specific and has higher chances of having the elderly person age in a healthy way. Setting up of the residential aged care should be done such that the environment is conducive away from too much noise and other forms of disturbances that precipitate stress to the elder persons. In this set up family members must also be included in the day to day running of the facility so the elderly do not feel abandoned. One challenge for this set up is the cultural change that the elderly experience once they are admitted in the facility. To mange this challenge the residential care home should modeled to mimic the typical homes found within its locality as much as possible. This will help in narrowing down the small difference that may arise and ways to mitigate them such that their effects are minimized to the lowest levels possible. In conclusion, it is important that individualized care is provided when it comes to aged care because this is the best approach that stands a better chance in ensuring that the elderly persons age in a healthy way. My interviewee says that he is 80 years of age married with children and grandchildren. He likes watching wildlife movies and visiting animal parks such as Maasai Mara National park in Kenya that has beautiful sceneries such as wildebeest migration. He has noticed that he frequently feels some paints in his joints especially when he walks after sitting down for long time. (About 1-2 hours). He also has failing eye sight and his hearing has also declined. The best things growing older for him are the care he receives from his family and the fact that his business now being managed by professionals who have improved profits ten fold. The hardest things growing old for him are having effective communication between his care- takers and his family and that he needs assistance to be able to move from one point to another. Hed like to gain enough strength now and in future to at least be able to support himself in doing simple chores such as picking litters around his compound as well as walking around to stretch his body. He foresees support from nutritionist to guide him properly on his food rations that will work for him in order to gain strength. He may also need specially designed wheelchair to help meet his goals. Finally, he concludes by saying he his happy with his wellbeing but would like to improve and become more independent. References Ausmed (2017). Communicating With Older Patients. [online] 1(1), pp.1-3. Available at: https://www.ausmed.com/articles/communicating-with-older-patients/ [Accessed 6 Jan. 2018]. Comfort Keepers (2010). Aged Care is a Family Issue. [online] 1(1), p.1. Available at: https://www.comfortkeepers.com.au/family-education-centre/aged-care-is-a-family issue/ [Accessed 6 Jan. 2018]. Gurung, S. and Ghimire, S. (2014). ROLE OF FAMILY IN ELDERLY CARE. [online] 1(1), pp.4-17. Available at: https://www.theseus.fi/bitstream/handle/10024/75830/Thesis%20print%20final.pdf?sequence=1 [Accessed 6 Jan. 2018]. Heritage Care (2018). Managing The Effects Of Aged Care On Families. [online] 1(1), p.1. Available at: https://www.heritagecare.com.au/managing-the-effects-of-aged care-on-families/ [Accessed 6 Jan. 2018]. National Ageing Research Institute (2012). Staff-resident communication practices in residential aged care: Strategies for enhancement.Nari, 1(1), pp.3-11. Purdue University (2017). Importance Of Communication When Caring For The Elderly.Nursing Online, [online] 1(1), p.1. Available at: https://nursingonline.pnw.edu/articles/communication-when-caring-for-the elderly.aspx [Accessed 6 Jan. 2018].

Jeff Hendersons Journey

Introduction In his book Cooked: My Journey from the Streets to the Stove, Jeff Henderson shows how people can perceive their successes and failures and how they can respond to the difficulties that they may encounter. To a great extent, his memoir illustrates a very old proverb.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Jeff Henderson’s Journey specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In particular, it is often said that â€Å"when we think we’re rising in life, we’re really falling and when we think we’re falling, we’re really rising† (â€Å"All 4 Cooked Lessons†). This proverb may seem paradoxical; moreover, this may be easily accepted by people because it is very counter-intuitive. This is one of the issues that be taken into account. However, this argument is perfectly illustrated in Jeff Henderson’s autobiography which shows the transformation of a person’s value s. In particular, the writer shows that in the course of his life, he reached the state of moral degradation, recognized the causes his downfall, and profoundly changed many of his worldviews. This is the main argument that should be analyzed more closely in this paper. Jeff Henderson’s transformation At first, one should pay attention to Jeff Henderson’s behavior, especially before his imprisonment. When he was engaged in criminal activities, he was firmly convinced that he could easily achieved prosperity and success without having to bear responsibility for his decisions. He was unwilling to think about the dangers of his behavior and its long-term implications for his future. This is one of the aspects that can be identified. Additionally, he believed that the police officers would be unable to find evidence against him (Henderson 72). To some degree, this person thought that he had been almost infallible. Only later, he learned that police had been watching him fo r a long time (â€Å"All 4 Cooked Lessons†). In this case, it is possible to speak about the illusion of invincibility which usually results in many errors. On the whole, he believed that he could be impervious to any outside factors. It should be kept in mind that at the age of twenty-one, Jeff Henderson could gain approximately $ 30000 within a week by selling crack cocaine (Henderson 5). This is why the author sought that he could soon reach the pinnacle of success without any difficulty. Yet, this conviction was just an illusion. One should bear in mind that it did not occur to him that his activities could endanger the life and health of many people who became addicted to drugs. Thus, one can argue that his alleged rise was not driven by any moral compass (â€Å"All 4 Cooked Lessons†). These examples illustrate the first part of the proverb. Jeff Henderson failed to notice that his lifestyle was self-destructive and delusionary. This form of existence could not la st for a long time. This is one of the arguments that can be put forward.Advertising Looking for essay on american literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It is possible to say that this behavior is typical of many people who are eventually imprisoned due to some reason. This is the main issues that can be distinguished. This detail is important for understanding the factors that could have Jeff Henderson’s to his incarceration. Nevertheless, one should not forget about his family environment that shaped his moral outlook and attitudes toward others. His relatives failed to safeguard him against the negative influence of peers whose deviant behavior was later emulated by Jeff Henderson. Thus, their failures cannot be disregarded by the readers of this book. However, Jeff Henderson’s life changed profoundly at the moment that he understood the degree of his downfall. At first, the very sight of prison profound ly produced a depressing impression on him. He says, â€Å"My stomach started to knot up as we passed the Coast Guard station† (Henderson 102). This was the moment when he began to understand the long-term consequences of his previous activities. Furthermore, he became completely dependent on the will of the guards such as Big Bubba (Henderson 79). So, the loss of freedom was an important turning point for him because it prompted him to think about the underlying causes of his incarceration (â€Å"All 4 Cooked Lessons†). However, this event was an important stimulus for him. In particular, Jeff Henderson had to acquire and develop new skills. For instance, he was offered an opportunity to work in the prison kitchen. One can argue that his life in prison laid the foundation for his future career in Caesars Palace or Cafà © Bellagio. Moreover, the writer understood that he could really excel in some area without having to break the law. This knowledge was of great impor tance to the author because it enabled him to live through the difficult years of imprisonment. This is one of the points that can be made. Additionally, Jeff Henderson had to reevaluate many of the things that he had previously taken for granted. In particular, he had to acknowledge that in the past, his lifestyle was completely devoid of any ethical principles. He also changed his attitude toward many of those people who acted as role models for him. Apart from that, the author became more aware about the consequences of drug dealing and crime, in general (â€Å"All 4 Cooked Lessons†). These are the main improvements in his behavior. To some degree, these changes can be described with the help of the proverb mentioned in the introductory paragraph.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Jeff Henderson’s Journey specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is possible to say that Jeff Henderson’s book exem plifies the moral transformation of an individual. This autobiography is not a mere story of an ex-convict who was able to reintegrate himself into the society. More likely, this memoir shows how a person can derive moral lessons from his/her failures. The main problem is that many people do not want to think about their own mistakes or morale fallacies. This is one of the reasons why some of them commit crimes after their release from prison. In many cases, they continue to be involved in criminal activities. As a matter of fact, some of them do even not see any reasons for changing their lifestyles or ethical principles. In turn, Jeff Henderson’s book offers guidance and encouragement to people whose experiences are similar to the hardships faced by the author before and after his imprisonment. This is why this memoir can be of great value to many readers, especially at the moment when they need to cross an important turning point in their lives. In this work, the author tr ies to warn the readers against possible moral hazards and shows how one can avoid various pitfalls. The changes in Jeff Henderson’s behavior illustrate a complex psychological phenomenon. Researchers point out that the chain of successes can lead to the illusion of infallibility and invincibility (Everson 76). Under such circumstances, a person may believe that he/she can easily take control of nearly everything. Additionally, this individual is not willing to questions the moral implications of his/her actions (Celati 143). Thus, one can say that this problem is of great interest to various scholars, especially psychologists. Many people can be susceptible to this error, and Jeff Henderson was not an exception. This is the main reason why he chose to become a drug dealer. However, by recognizing his failures, the author was able to take a more critical look at his life. This decision distinguishes among other ex-convicts and people who pass through a period of moral crisis. This is why his example is worth considering. Personal opinion In my opinion, this book throws light on some underlying factors that shape the behavior of a person. An individual, who is convinced of his/her rectitude or invincibility, cannot always see the pitfalls that should be avoided. In addition to that, such people are not willing to think about the impact of their activities on the lives of others. This is one of the arguments that I can put forward. Certainly, I have never faced the challenges encountered by Jeff Henderson. Nevertheless, I have heard of people who made similar errors. It is difficult to say that they were very similar to one another; however, they had some common qualities. In particularly, they believed that that the chain of their successes would never be interrupted.Advertising Looking for essay on american literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Moreover, they did not pay much attention to the ethical aspects of their choices and the effects of their decisions. Therefore, the moral hazards described by Jeff Henderson can profoundly affect the decisions of a person. The main problem is that these people can occupy the position of authority. They can shape the lives of many people. For example, one can mention the executives of Enron Corporation. They perpetrated one of the largest frauds in the history of the United States (Green and Gabor 116). Furthermore, they believed that their actions would never be discovered (Green and Gabor 116). It did not even occur to them that they could bring a great number of people to the brink of poverty. They cherished the illusions described by Jeff Henderson in his book. Thus, one cannot argue that the author describes a unique situation. More likely, it is a very widespread phenomenon that can be observed in various situations. This is one of main aspects that can be singled out. Conclus ion This discussion suggests that a person’s perception of failures and successes can profoundly his/her behavior. Due to various factors, Jeff Henderson almost lost the capacity for critical thinking and moral reasoning. His alleged successes made him believe that nothing could ever threaten him. Yet, he had to recognize his moral failures during his imprisonment. This decision enabled him to reintegrate into the community and achieve success. His book exemplifies this moral transformation of an individual. Thus, the saying, which was quoted in the introduction, can be applicable to various people. This saying demonstrates that by recognizing one’s failures, an individual can better cope with different obstacles. The autobiography written by Jeff Henderson can be of great benefit to the readers who have to struggle with some ethical challenges. These are the main benefits of reading this text. Works Cited â€Å"All 4 Cooked Lessons on One Page†. Breakthrough Wr iter. 29 Jun. 2011. Web. https://herculodge.typepad.com/breakthrough_writer/cooked-lessons/. Celati, Luca. The Dark Side of Risk Management: How People Frame Decisions in  Financial Markets, Pearson Education, 2004. Print. Everson, Stephen. Epistemology, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990. Print. Green, Phillip, and George Gabor. Misleading Indicators: How to Reliably Measure  Your Business, New York: ABC-CLIO, 2012. Print. Henderson, Jeff. Cooked: My Journey From the Streets to the Stove, New York: Harper Collins, 2007. Print. This essay on Jeff Henderson’s Journey was written and submitted by user Rosalie H. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Std in Mississippi Essays - Midwifery, Sexual Health, HIVAIDS

Std?s And Mississippi Sexually Transmitted Diseases are being fought everyday. These diseases are a top the discussions in politics and in your living room. Money and funds go into research everyday for a simple problem that has been blown out of control. How can people go about catching these diseases when most can be prevented by either using a contraceptive or just staying away from sex. Mississippi has seen its fare share of problems that have to do with sex. Whether it be high birth rates or high std rates. For awhile the numbers have been alarming compared to the rest of society. Mississippi health and education has been dropping the ball on preventing these diseases and putting out more awareness into the community. Kids everyday are contracting viruses at alarming rates. The schools don?t teach enough about the diseases nor does government put out stats and books and such about these viruses. In this paper we will look at how this high std rate in Mississippi needs to be changed. I will identify the problem with statistics and facts and then will propose a way we could clean up Mississippi. A big place that is now becoming infested in Mississippi is right next to us actually. Leflore County has made head way in the news of a startling high increase in sexually transmitted diseases. ?STDs are becoming more common in Leflore County, and health department officials say they are seeing them in younger and younger patients. So young, in fact, that the department is now offering the human papillomavirus vaccine, which is most effective when administered before sexual debut, to nine-year-old girls. The department has logged two teenage HIV cases already this year.(The body)? This is alarming and is happening where we live at. These various diseases could be walking among us and affecting people close to our families and friends. ?The Leflore County Health Department recorded 498 Chlamydia cases last year, a 46 percent increase from 2002, when there were 341 cases. Gonorrhea cases rose 30 percent during the same time, from 169 to 219, and HIV cases doubled from six to 12. Most STDs in women are found when they come to the department for birth control, and they are usually shocked to find they are infected.(The Body)? The Health information is a question in the Delta area. Many people believe that the high inclination with STDS is a product of having a poor knowledge of health. We can see this even at the local college. Mississippi Valley State University offers general health has a required class you have to take in your valley career. Has a former student of the class I can say that sexually transmitted diseases were not harped about. Sure you get your basic description of some of the diseases but not all of them. The teacher did not even explain how if you get some of these diseases how or where you can get rid of them. The program was just something the school just kind of handed to the assistant football coach. The knowledge about these kind of life altering things needs to be more spread. The individuals on campus are limited to there surroundings. ? Other reasons for the STD figures are the Delta's lack of health care, the increasingly mobile population, and the region's 10 percent unemployment rate, Winston said. "When you don't have a job, and you have eight extra hours in your day, that's when bad things happen," he explained. Officials at Mississippi Valley State University have also seen an increase in STDs. "They think if they don't have AIDS, then they are OK," said Marvin Russell, health and wellness director. The university sponsors 10-12 programs annually to raise STD awareness among students, he said.(The Body) This attit ude on this subject is terrible. The children need to start believing that STDS are not something to just mess with. That?s why our new proposal will bring about a new wave throughout the delta. For the 2008 - 2009 year we need to implement a new plan to get our Mississippi Delta back on track. My idea is simple and a bit borrowed but I believe it will be the most effective

The Rise and Fall of Salomon Brothers Essays

The Rise and Fall of Salomon Brothers Essays The Rise and Fall of Salomon Brothers Paper The Rise and Fall of Salomon Brothers Paper Essay Topic: O Brother Where The Rise and Fall of Salomon Brothers Treasury Bond Scandal- 1991 Executive Summary Salomon Brothers was at one time, the largest bulge bracket firm on Wall Street. Although it offered a number of financial services, it had established its name through the legacy of bond trading. Its bond trading department boasted of iconic traders of 1980’s era- John Meriwether and Myron Sholes. Salomon Brothers can be considered as the founder father of mortgaged back securities trading on the Wall Street, an area in which it was a near monopolist for a long time with not much competition from other firms. In 1981, Salomon Brothers which operated as partnership was taken over by Phibro Corporation and became known as Phibro-Salomon. With a lot of ups and downs in its fortune during the late 1980’s and early 1990’s, finally in 1997, it merged with Citigroup and became their Investment Banking arm called Salomon Smith Barney. Finally the existence of the name of â€Å"Salomon† ceased when Citigroup decided to drop the name in 2003 and branded its investment bank and underwriters as Citigroup Global Markets. We chose to work on the topic â€Å"The Rise and Fall of Salomon Brothers† as this topic offers an insight into the development of a particular securities market- the Mortgaged backed securities, the dominance of the market player, the culture of the firm and finally the scandal which served as the turning point of fortunes of ‘once the market leader’ or metaphorically- the final nail in the coffin. Background Salomon Brothers was founded in New York City in 1910 when three brothers-Arthur, Herbert, and Percy Salomon broke away from their father Ferdinands money-brokerage operation and went into business for themselves. The company was primarily a bond trading firm. The private company entered equities in the mid-1960s and between 1962 and 1964, Salomon more than tripled its underwriting business, from $276 million to $873 million. They entered investment banking in the early 1970s and established themselves with Pepsi-ICI merger among others. Since till 1981, the firm operated as a partnership, it had a close-knit culture and partners put the firm’s interest before their own. There were no issues over compensation or credit for work and slowly but surely Salomon was climbing the ladder of being a bulge bracket firm of Wall Street. As Salomon partner Abraham Eller once explained, â€Å". . . what helped make Salomon Brothers was not only the partners, but that the men they hired were hungry. †¦ We weren’t the sons of rich men. † However, in 1981, it was taken over by the Phibro Corporation and became a corporation with the name Phibro-Salomon Inc. until 1986, when Salomon gained control and changed the name of the parent company to Salomon Inc. In 1980’s under the leadership of John Gutfreund, Salomon participated in the leveraged-buyout boom of the 1980s and did deals like Xeroxs acquisition of Crum Foster and was also the adviser by ATT. In 1985, the firm’s peak year, Salomon brought in $760 million in pre-tax profits. In 1987, the company’s capital reached $3. 4 billion. Legislations which fuelled growth The following changes in legislation led to a conducive environment for bond trading and the development of the mortgage backed securities market which in turn impacted the fortunes of Salomon Brothers: * In 1979, the Federal Reserve announced that that the money supply would cease to fluctuate with the business cycle. Bond prices moved inversely with interest rates. Bonds became the means of â€Å"creating wealth rather than merely storing it. † The industry’s revenues rose from $16 billion in 1980 to $51. 8 billion in 1988. * In 1981, Congress passed a tax break which allowed thrifts to sell all their mortgage loans in order to put their money to work for higher returns. Subsequently, the volume of outstanding mortgage loans increased from $700 billion in 1976 to $1. 2 trillion in 1981, and the mortgage market surpassed the combined U. S. stock markets as the largest capital market in the world. The SEC’s Rule 415, enacted in 1982, where corporations were allowed to register in advance all the securities they intended to issue over the next two-year span (â€Å"shelf registrations†) and Salomon Brothers was the industry’s leader. * The protection of the Glass-Steagall Act, which stopped commercial banks to underwrite and distribute most securities ended and the competition intensified. Overall, the beginning o f the 1980’s decade led to an explosive growth in the bond markets and Salomon was ready to jump on the opportunity as it was one of the few Wall Street firms to have a proper mortgage trading department. Culture of the firm In order to understand the culture of the firm, we read the book Liar’s Poker written by Michael Lewis who was a bond salesman in Salomon Brothers and gives an inside account of the culture prevalent in the firm. Bond Traders and Salesmen: The two major classes of people at Salomon were the bond traders and salesmen. More than any other firm on the Wall Street, Salomon was run by bond traders who kept an eye on the market and made most of arbitrage opportunities while the salesmen gave information to the traders about the sentiments in market. The CEO of the company John Gutfreund also started off as a trader and spent his time at a large desk over seeing one end of Salomon’s bond trading room. The trading floor- the 41st floor, which was known as â€Å"Power Central†- was actually the power centre of the firm. He promoted an environment of risk-taking and agility and the Salomon Trading floor had minimal supervision, minimal controls and no position limits. That is, a trader could buy or sell as many bonds as he thought appropriate without asking. With an increase in business, the firm recruited widely. The firm, which had employed 2,000 people in 1982, tripled to 6,000 people by 1987. † Due to excessive focus on generating revenues, one insider put it as, â€Å"competing fiefdoms replaced interconnected businesses. † and â€Å"Making money was mostly what mattered. † Also, the mortgage department which made the maximum money had a culture of its own promoted by Ranieri (head of the department) which alienated it even more. According to Ranieri, â€Å"The reason everything was separate was because no one in the firm would help us. They wanted us to fail. † The Scandal This scandal was unique in itself as it shook the foundation of the sacrosanct $2. trillion government securities market which was considered too big to rig. The conventional wisdom was shaken to a great extent and regulations tightened for all the 40 primary designated dealers of T-bills and government bonds. Orchestration of the fraud: Paul Mozer, Managing Director of Salomon Inc. ’s government securities trading desk, submitted three separate bids for the U. S. Treasury’s $9 billion 5-year treasury note auction on Feb. 21,1991. Each of the bids was for $3. 15 billion, or 35% of the total bond offering, the maximum bid the Treasury would recognize from any individual buyer. Since two of the bids were submitted under the names of outside firms who were Salomon customers, Warburg and Quantum, the Treasury accepted all three bids. The Treasury was unaware that only Mozer’s bid in Salomon’s name was legal. The other two were unauthorized customer bids placed by Mozer trying to get Salomon a larger share of the auction. However, what Mozer did not know was that Warburg had taken part in the auction with a $100mn bid and with combined bid of more than 35% in name of Warburg; Treasury started an investigation which uncovered the plot of Mozer. This scandal led to the firing of Mozer, resignation of the top brass including Gutfreund and a loss of reputation of Salomon Brothers which they never recovered. Aftermath: This scandal shook the confidence of participants in the government securities market and led to investigations by Federal Reserve Bank, the Justice Department and the Securities and Exchange Commission. The Treasury Department re-examined the records of every auction since 1986, a total of more than 200, searching for evidence of collusion with customers to violate the 35% rule. Salomon was fined $290 million as damages but it escaped criminal charges. The Treasury however, banned Salomon from bidding in Government Securities market. After the resignation of John Gutfreund, majority stakeholder Warren Buffet was made the chairman to revamp the organisation. He also convinced the Treasury to lift the ban as it would lead to Salomon towards bankruptcy. The firm became a victim of its own culture and finally the name of Salomon ceased to exist on the Wall Street which it had once dominated. Joining the dots Having done a course on Ethics, analysed case studies of Enron, WorldCom etc, made us realise that the frauds/scandals do not germinate over night; rather they are fruits of greed which is perpetrated by the Top management either directly or indirectly. As mentioned earlier, the culture of Salomon Brothers was such that traders were given a free hand as long as they generated revenues and were never questioned. This led to the audacity of Mozer wherein he submitted false bids not just the time when he was caught but in other auctions as well and had landed in trouble with the Treasury before. Had a proper system of reporting and accountability existed, the previous instances would have been known to top management and the entire scandal could have been averted which tarnished the reputation of the firm. At the same time, we believe, Treasury department should have been more vigilant as market participants i. e the 40 primary dealers could always collude and try to take the maximum out of the pie of the auction. Having a system which was transparent such that the bids could have been monitored by all the participants would have lead to detection of anomaly of bids in much short period of time without any extensive examination. The main learning that we can derive out of this study is twofold- * Promotion of Ethics and fair dealing as a part of corporate culture of the organisation following a top-down approach such that lower level employees get motivated from the conduct of senior levels * No matter who the participant is and the financial market in question, the regulator has to be vigilant at all times and have a stringent set of rules and regulations as well as penalties in place which deters market participants from erring. References: fundinguniverse. com/company-histories/Salomon-Inc-Company-History. html http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Salomon_Brothers#Long_Term_Capital_Management time. com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,973726-2,00. html answers. com/topic/salomon-brothers Robert Sobel, Salomon Brothers 1910-85: Advancing to Leadership Michael Lewis, Liar’s Poker Salomon Brothers: â€Å"Apologies are Bullshit†- pdf

Cost Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Cost Leadership - Essay Example Its lines of communication, management control systems, and compensation systems must all follow a functional or U-form structure where the CEO acts like an orchestra conductor who coordinates everyone and everything taking place within the firm. This ensures that all stages of the value chain contribute to the cost leadership strategy and that not a single employee or manager or operating process is out of line. A functional structure is hard work, but it is the best way to ensure that the company implements its strategy without hitches or with as few difficulties as possible. A functional structure is flat, simple, and lean, allowing everyone to focus on a narrow set of high-value activities. This structure is also highly quantitative because management has to control all costs very closely. This structure also helps everyone maintain a cost leadership focus and mentality, which would be difficult if there are too many people doing too many things. It would also help that cost savings are shared with everyone in the organization as incentives. Firms with a cost leadership strategy usually operate internationally to: